Biology 155 Laboratory Final Exam Study Guide

Remember that the final exam is comprehensive, covering material from the entire course. Approximately 2/3 of the exam will come from material covered since the first exam. Review the study guide for the first exam to review material from the first half of the semester. The exam is worth 100 points.
Understand the transformation lab: what was plated on each sector and why; what growth or no growth on each sector would indicate; what sorts of results you would need to see to conclude that transformation did or did not occur.
Understand the processes of mitosis and meiosis. Be able to recognize each stage from the configuration of the chromosomes and be able to draw each stage. Know the events that occur in each stage.
Review all the genetics problems worked or assigned in lab. Understand the crosses involving dominant and recessive alleles, codominant alleles (especially ABO blood groups), sex linked alleles, and crosses involving 2 genes.
Understand the logic of pedigree analysis; what kind of evidence is needed to reject each of the common modes of inheritance.
Understand the processes of development in the starfish, frog, and chick; what goes on at each stage; and the origination of primary tissue layers.
Know the conditions that must be satisfied for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. Know how to calculate genotypic and allelic frequencies for populations that are in HWE.
Know how genetic drift impacts populations; the general conclusions you can make about the importance of population size; the type of evolution that genetic drift produces and how it differs from evolution by natural selection.
Know how different types of selection affect allelic and genotypic frequencies over time. Be able to construct graphs showing how allele frequencies change through time with different types of selection.
Know how to use and construct a dichotomous key.
Know how to use outgroup comparison to determine the direction of evolution of a character.
Know how to construct a hypothesis of evolutionary relationship given a data set of characters with ancestral (primitive) and derived (advanced) states.