Study Guide 9
- Know that all cells replicate their DNA before cell division.
- Prokaryotes replicate circular DNA and attach DNA to their cell membrane and then undergo binary fission so that each DNA molecule ends up in separate daughter cells.
- Eukaryotes have multiple DNA molecules in separate chromosomes.
- Chromosomes are composed of both DNA and protein (histones).
- All chromosomes have a centromere at a specific point, but the location of the centromere is not found at the same point on all chromosomes.
- Mitosis is the process for distributing the replicated chromosomes to daughter cells in a way that ensures that each has a complete set of chromosomes.
- Mitosis is part of the cell cycle.
- The cell cycle consists of G1(first gap), S (synthesis), G2 (second gap), M (mitosis), and C (cytokinesis).
- Know what processes occur in G1, S, and G2, especially in reference to preparation for mitosis.
- Know that mitosis consists of 4 named phases, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, and know what occurs during each phase.
- Know that mitosis is responsible for the production of all cells in your body, except the gametes (egg and sperm).
- Know that cell division is regulated at specific checkpoints. Know what occurs at each checkpoint.
- Know that cell division is controlled in multicellular organisms by tissue specific growth factors and high concentrations of growth factors are required to trigger the beginning of cell division.
- Cancer is caused by uncontrolled cell growth. Cancer is ultimately a genetic disease due to the expression of oncogenes (cancer genes).
- Growth factor genes are called proto-oncogenes because their expression can trigger uncontrolled cell growth.
